How Does It Work: Insurance Archeology and CGL Policies

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LEARN HOW POLICYFIND USES INSURANCE ARCHEOLOGY TO PUT THE POWER OF THE CGL POLICY BACK IN THE HANDS OF THE POLICYHOLDER

BY: KRISTEN DRAKE

Over 25 years ago, EnviroForensics and PolicyFind’s CEO Steve Henshaw, P.G. discovered the power contained within historical commercial general liability (CGL) insurance policies in the face of a lawsuit or an environmental issue. Henshaw discovered and has since proven, that using a company’s historical CGL insurance policy is an effective funding source to pay for the expensive cost of investigating and cleaning up environmental contamination.

WHAT ARE COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY INSURANCE POLICIES?

CGL insurance policies are purchased by business owners to cover them against their business’ liability exposures. This is very important in determining whether an individual or business’ old insurance policies can be used to pay for environmental investigations and clean-ups.

This makes CGL policies very important protection for corporate policyholders because they broadly provide defense and indemnity coverage against claims for bodily injury and property damage. Coverage includes products, completed operations, premises, and operations, elevators, and independent contractors, to name a few.

Tabs of old insurance files that can be used as evidence of historical insurance coverage

 

Hiring a proven Insurance Archeologist can help your company uncover millions of dollars in usable insurance assets to cover legal fees and pay for investigation and remediation of environmental contamination.

HOW DO “HISTORICAL” COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY INSURANCE POLICIES WORK?

In general, CGL policies have included and even excluded environmental pollution and contamination language like “unexpected and unintended releases.” Such unexpected and unintended releases mean accidental releases or accidental spills, not intentional releases, which would be better defined as dumping or disposing. CGL policies were not covering individuals and businesses for pollution or contamination associated with dry cleaning operations. A separate environmental policy would be required to cover environmental pollution and contamination.

So, if you or your business bought CGL insurance before the policies contained absolute pollution exclusion language, you are likely to have insurance coverage that can address environmental contamination, even if that contamination has only been recently discovered.

In addition, old policies provide a defense against a claim or suit. In some states, a claim or suit could be a letter from the regulatory agency or a neighboring property owner demanding a response to identified environmental contamination. In other states, the courts have determined that the insurers must only defend an actual lawsuit.

‘OK’, you might ask, ‘that sounds great, but what if I can’t find my old policies or policies that were bought by the former owners?’ Well, those old policies can still be found. While there is no guarantee, contacting an expert insurance archeologist increases your chances of finding old policies or evidence of old policies. PolicyFind, a division of EnviroForensics, boasts an 85% success rate at finding old insurance policies or evidence of old policies.

Insurance archeologist looking over old insurance files in front of sunlit window

 

Insurance archeologists have the knowledge-base to find evidence of CGL policies, and advise clients on how those policies can be used. Frequently clients say hiring an Insurance Archeology team was one of the best investments they’ve made and helped further their company’s success.

USING YOUR POLICIES FOR DEFENSE AND INDEMNIFICATION

After finding the old policies, it is then critical that you know how to use these policies to your benefit. Insurance law is different from state to state and not every state has good law for the policyholder. Insurance policies contain different language which can vary by carrier and by policy period.

In pulling this concept together:

  • A defense includes paying for lawyers dealing with the environmental contamination. A defense would also include quantifying an individual or business’ exposure and liability. The only way to quantify environmental liability is to collect environmental samples (e.g. soil, soil gas, indoor vapor, groundwater). It would also mean determining how expensive a cleanup would be, which means that, aquifer tests, feasibility studies and remediation technology evaluation should be covered.
  • Indemnification is the process where the insurer brings the insured back to where they were before the damages occurred, as stipulated within the insuring agreement. In other words, indemnification makes the insured ‘whole’ again by paying for damages or losses already sustained and expenses already incurred.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF YOUR CGL POLICIES

Historical insurance policies can be beneficial in providing coverage for a number of different situations. For example:

  • Plumbing and building supply companies defending product liability claims from exposure to products sold containing asbestos.
  • Municipalities involved in litigation.
  • Manufacturers of pumps defending product liability claims from exposure to asbestos gaskets.
  • Churches and schools defending personal injury claims.
  • Dry cleaners defending against environmental property damage claims brought by neighboring business property owners.
  • Business property owners defending property damage claims by state environmental authorities.
  • Insurance companies defending policyholders against environmental property damage claims and wishing to document insurance coverage of other potentially responsible parties.
  • Real estate developers, environmental consultants, attorneys and regulatory agencies.

WHAT YOU CAN USE CGL POLICIES TO FUND

Infographic illustrating the what commercial general liability policies can be used to pay for, such as environmental and defense costs.

 

Once triggered historical commercial general liability (CGL) policies may be used to for legal fees, defense against claims, site investigation, remediation/cleanup, interim remedial measures, building legal case, potentially responsible parties (PRP) search, interfacing with agencies and prior costs be may be retroactively recovered.

The process of using old insurance policies has many parts. There may be an insurance archeology component, a legal component and an environmental component and they all have to work together. Understanding all aspects of the process is not your job, that’s why you hire experts to uncover your insurance assets.

EnviroForensics and PolicyFind have successfully used the historical insurance of businesses, individuals and even defunct and bankrupt companies as sources of funding to pay for the investigation and cleanup of contaminated sites.

There are billions of dollars in unclaimed assets available to parties looking to defend environmental claims and personal injury claims. PolicyFind works diligently every day to put the power of the policy back in the policyholder’s hands – where it belongs.

Call PolicyFind’s insurance archeology experts today at 866-888-7911 or fill out our form.

PolicyFind clients commonly face immense challenges and deadlines, and they rely on our strengths to provide solutions for them. Our team understands the unique set of circumstances that businesses face when liabilities from past business operations arise. With our help, they can overcome their inevitable feelings of anxiety, powerlessness, and uncertainty.

 


 

Headshot of Kristen BrownKristen Drake brings more than a decade of research and managerial experience in broadcast journalism to the field of insurance archeology. Since joining the PolicyFind team in 2015, Mrs. Drake has successfully documented liability insurance programs on behalf of municipalities, manufacturers and dry cleaners. She continues to translate her expertise in source procurement and digital fact-finding, performing insurance research activities at a very high level, providing on-time execution of contracted performance goals.

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New Jersey Superfund Case Reveals Value of Insurance Archeology For Long-Tail Environmental Liability

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By Kristen Drake, Director of Operations, PolicyFind

The recent ruling in E.M. Sergeant Pulp & Chemical Co v. Travelers Indemnity Co.. continues to build a strong case for policyholders in the state of New Jersey.

The Case Background

In 2004, E.M. Sergeant Pulp & Chemical Co. in New Jersey, a distributor of heavy industrial inorganic chemicals and raw materials, was notified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that they were a Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) for part of the Diamond Alkali superfund site. According to the EPA’s Technical Report Data, multiple companies used the site for chemical manufacturing over the past century leaving behind two key contaminants, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dioxin, in the soil, groundwater, air, and debris.

In 2009, E.M. Sergeant Pulp & Chemical Co. was sued as a third-party defendant in a lawsuit alleging property damage caused by environmental pollution from activities that occurred 50-75 years ago. Being a PRP, meant they were liable for the cleanup.

The insurance company denied it had issued any policy, so E.M. Sergeant Pulp & Chemical Co. sued the insurer for coverage. Even though E.M. Sergeant Pulp & Chemical Co. couldn’t provide any insurance policies, they did provide:

  1. Four pages of handwritten entries in its bookkeeping ledgers
  2. An application submitted to another insurer in 1964
  3. A note relating to the application
  4. Certain standard policy forms obtained from the insurance company in discovery
  5. Expert testimony from an insurance archeologist, who expressed their opinion that the missing policies provided coverage for “public liability”, including third-party bodily injury and property damage, and coverage was continuous from 1948-1965.

In 2017, Travelers Indemnity Co. reached a settlement with E.M. Sergeant Pulp & Chemical Co. based on the ‘secondary’ policy evidence and expert testimony from an insurance archeologist.

What The Verdict Means To Policyholders

The case of E.M. Sergeant Pulp & Chemical Co. v. Travelers Indemnity Co., demonstrates how every little piece of evidence can be crucial to proving that past coverage was issued. While the documentary evidence of coverage was “scanty”, the insurance archeologist’s ability to provide evidence that E.M. Sergeant Pulp & Chemical Co. had insurance to cover property damage with Travelers Indemnity Co. for the period of 1943-64 along with their expert testimony, was sufficient to prove coverage, according to Judge Kevin McNulty.

This case is proof that historical insurance policies, even with little evidence, can still provide coverage in New Jersey–highlighting the importance of an insurance archaeologists’ work.

Three Takeaways From The Case

  1. E.M. Sergeant Pulp & Chemical Co. strengthened its ‘secondary’ evidence with four ledger entries and expert testimony from an insurance archeologist.
  2. The existence of full policies is not always necessary to prove coverage.
  3. The physical policies were missing, yet the court relied heavily on an insurance archaeologist’s expert testimony.

While historical insurance policies may be considered “just old paperwork” by some, they can potentially provide millions of dollars in coverage. This makes them valuable assets, especially for environmental remediation projects such as site cleanup, compliance obligations, and third-party legal actions.

What Does This Mean for Business Owners?

It’s a common belief that companies and organizations need to pay for environmental remediation out of pocket if their business’ historical Commercial General Liability (CGL) insurance policies have been lost or destroyed. While this belief is pervasive, PolicyFind can help policyholders through Confidential Insurance Archeology® and expert witness services to find insurance coverage, fill in the historical gaps and serve as an expert witness.

If You’re a Policy Holder, Here’s Three Tips For Getting Started

  1. Contact a confidential insurance archeologist to assist you as you start assembling your coverage case.
  2. Check your historical records and see what you have available. (Gather. Collect. Review.)
  3. Try to call insurance agents you’ve worked with in the past to fill in any missing information, and rely on your insurance archeologist to pull everything together.

Contact PolicyFind for a free and confidential consultation to learn how our expert insurance archaeologist’s can uncover historical CGL insurance coverage.

Contact PolicyFind

For more information on historical insurance archaeology, read our Insurance Archeology 101 and The Hidden Power of Historical Commercial Insurance.

 


Kristen Drake brings more than a decade of research and managerial experience in broadcast journalism to the field of insurance archeology. Since joining the PolicyFind team in 2015, Mrs. Drake has successfully documented liability insurance programs on behalf of municipalities, manufacturers and dry cleaners. She continues to translate her expertise in source procurement and digital fact-finding, performing insurance research activities at a very high level, providing on-time execution of contracted performance goals.

 

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