California Supreme Court Approves Stacking of Policy Limits Over Triggered Liability Policy Periods In Environmental Cases

By David A. O’Neill, JD, Director of Investigations

In a long-awaited opinion, the Court found that insurers that had issued a series of excess liability insurance policies to the State of California for its operation of the Stringfellow Acid Pits were responsible to indemnify the State of California for all sums in connection with the clean-up of the site.  The Supreme Court of California filed its decision in the civil case styled State of California v. Continental Insurance Company on Thursday, August 9, 2012.   Further, in allocating the indemnity among insurers, the Court found that coverage limits from these policies could be “stacked” so that more than one policy could be triggered by an occurrence that was continuous over the period of loss. Continue reading “California Supreme Court Approves Stacking of Policy Limits Over Triggered Liability Policy Periods In Environmental Cases”

Texas Employers Hit with Asbestos Suits Seek Historical Workers Comp Policies

Written by David A. O’Neill, J.D., Director of Investigations, PolicyFind

A recent development in asbestos litigation has been suits brought by workers in the Texas oil fields against their employers for long term exposure to asbestos during the process of lining pipes and boilers and otherwise applying asbestos containing products during oil drilling operations.

The Texas Workers’ Compensation Act (TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. S408.001(a) provides that the recovery of workers compensation benefits is the exclusive remedy of an employee covered by workers’ compensation insurance for a work related injury. This 2005 statute has had the effect of limiting the liability of employers whose workers bring personal injury claims alleging work related exposure to asbestos resulting in the industrial disease, mesothelioma.  The statute enables the employer to produce its workers’ compensation policies going back to the time of worker exposure thereby limiting the worker’s recovery to the policy limits. Continue reading “Texas Employers Hit with Asbestos Suits Seek Historical Workers Comp Policies”

Tenth Circuit Holds Faulty Workmanship Is Unforeseeable; Qualifies as “Occurrence” Under Colorado CGL Policies

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By David A. O’Neill, JD

Since damage to real property caused by poor workmanship is usually “neither expected or intended,” it may qualify as an “occurrence” under Colorado law construing commercial general liability policies and coverage may apply.  Such was the ruling of the U.S. Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals in the case styled Greystone Const. Inc. v. National Fire & Marine Ins. Co., No. 09-1412 (10th Cir., Nov. 1, 2011).

The Greystone case was an appeal from the U.S. District Court of Colorado’s 2009 grant of summary judgment on the basis that homeowners’ allegations of faulty workmanship did not allege accidents amounting to covered occurrences under the contractor’s CGL policies.   In that case, Greystone employed subcontractors to build two houses. The houses were built on soils containing expansive clays and over time, soil expansion caused the foundations to shift, causing extensive damage to the houses.  The homeowners sued Greystone in 2005 asserting negligent design and construction by its subcontractors.  Greystone tendered its claim to its insurers but one refused to defend. Greystone and its defending insurer brought suit against the non-defending insurer, seeking to recover a portion of the defense costs. Continue reading “Tenth Circuit Holds Faulty Workmanship Is Unforeseeable; Qualifies as “Occurrence” Under Colorado CGL Policies”

Indiana Court Finds Occurrence in Employer’s CGL Policy Even Where Bodily Injury Intended by Employee

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By David A. O’Neill

A recent decision by the Indiana Court of Appeals may have a profound effect on the ability of schools, churches and general contractors to rely on general liability insurance policies insuring them and their employees against sexual abuse or battery claims.

While insuring agreements in general liability insurance policies exclude coverage where the insured’s actions leading to bodily injury or property damage are “expected or intended by the insured,” the Separation of Insureds provision in these policies can allow for coverage for one of the insureds even where the other insured’s acts may not be covered.  The Indiana Court of Appeal issued its opinion in Holiday Hospitality Franchising, Inc. v. Amco Insurance Company on October 13, 20011, finding that Holiday Hospitality’s hiring or supervision of an employee who molested a business invitee constituted an occurrence under its general liability insurance policy even where the employee’s action was intentional. Continue reading “Indiana Court Finds Occurrence in Employer’s CGL Policy Even Where Bodily Injury Intended by Employee”

Equipment Manufacturer Not Liable as Arranger of Hazardous Waste

Written by Justin Gifford, General Counsel for PolicyFind

In Hinds Investments, L.P. v Team Enterprises, Inc., et al (2011 WL 3268027 (C.A.9 (Cal.))) (“Hinds I”), and Hinds Investments L.P. v Team Enterprises Inc. (2011 WL 3250461 C.A.9 (Cal.))) (Hinds II)Hinds Investments, L.P., a property owner pursued R.R. Street and Co. and others (“Street,” the manufacturer of a PCE filters & distillation units) in an attempt to prosecute a RCRA citizen suit for contributor liability and to attach CERCLA arranger liability for cleanup costs as an arranger/disposer of hazardous waste (used PCE). The original actions were brought in the eastern district of California where the District Court Judge granted Team’s motion for dismissal for the plaintiff’s failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted.  District Judge O’Neill found that the various defendants’ manufacture and sale of the useful dry-cleaning equipment did not rise to the level of arranging for the disposal of the hazardous waste.  In both decisions, the Circuit Court’s decision was largely based upon the lack of an active role by the defendants in the disposal of the hazardous waste. Continue reading “Equipment Manufacturer Not Liable as Arranger of Hazardous Waste”

Ninth Circuit Upholds Manufacturer CERCLA Useful Product Defense

In Team Enterprises, LLC v. Western Investment Real Estate Trust, et al (2011 WL 3075759 (C.A.9 (Cal.))), Team Enterprises, LLC (“Team,” a dry cleaner) pursued R.R. Street and Co. (“Street,” the manufacturer of a PCE filter & still) in an attempt to get CERCLA contribution for cleanup costs as an arranger and disposer of hazardous waste (used PCE). The original action was brought in the eastern district of California where Judge O’Neill granted Street’s motion for summary judgment, finding that Street’s manufacture and sale of the useful dry-cleaning equipment did not rise to the level of arranging for the disposal of the hazardous waste and that Street’s facilitation of PCE delivery to Team did not make Street responsible for its ultimate disposal.

Following Judge O’Neill’s summary Judgment, Team appealed on several similar grounds, asserting that Street “took intentional steps” and “planned a disposal” of PCE, neither of which Circuit Judge O’Scannlain accepted, again referencing the useful product doctrine (the sale of useful products for legitimate business purposes is not the same as selling or arrange the transfer of hazardous waste, which no longer has a useful purpose and is likely done to avoid liability for disposing of hazardous waste). Judge O’Scannlain’s example clarifies the issue, “It would be odd, for example, to say that an auto parts store sells motor oil to car owners for the purpose of disposing of hazardous waste.” Without Team’s proving that Street’s sale of the Rescue 800 distiller was intended to result in Team’s disposal of the PCE, no liability could be attached under CERCLA. Continue reading “Ninth Circuit Upholds Manufacturer CERCLA Useful Product Defense”

INDIANA CONSTRUCTION DEFECT COVERAGE LAW CHANGES WILL SEND CONTRACTORS IN SEARCH OF LOST GENERAL LIABILITY POLICIES

By David A. O’Neill, Director of Investigations, PolicyFInd

The ruling of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana’s March 16, 2011 on a motion for summary judgment from the Lake County Superior court case styled General Casualty Insurance v. Compton Construction, Inc. and Mary Ann Zubak could have profound effect on contractors’ need to locate and maintain their historical insurance policies.

A claim against a contractor for the negligent acts of its subcontractor some 7 years earlier was found to be covered under the contractor’s general liability insurance policy.  The allegations in this case were that defendant Mary Ann Zubak was damaged by the negligent acts of the subcontractor hired by general contractor, Compton Construction Co. to excavate and set the foundation for her new home. When the house shifted and buckled, Ms. Zubak brought a claim against Compton Construction, who tendered the claim to its general liability insurance company, General Casualty Insurance.  After General Casualty declined to defend Compton, Ms. Zubak filed suit in Superior Court against Compton, alleging negligence, breach of contract and breach of warranties. Continue reading “INDIANA CONSTRUCTION DEFECT COVERAGE LAW CHANGES WILL SEND CONTRACTORS IN SEARCH OF LOST GENERAL LIABILITY POLICIES”

INDIANA SUPREME COURT REVERSES STANDARD FUSEE DECISION; “INTIMATE CONTACTS” REPLACES “SITE SPECIFIC” CHOICE-OF-LAW RULE IN MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTAL SITE INSURANCE COVERAGE DISPUTES

By David A. O’Neill, J.D.

The Indiana Supreme Court reached its decision in National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA et al. v. Standard Fusee Corp. on December 29, 2010.  In its soon to be published opinion, the Court announced its decision to overturn the Court of Appeals ruling that Indiana law governed the interpretation of general liability insurance policies in environmental remediation proceedings involving Standard Fusee sites in multiple states.

Given that Indiana insurance law concerning an insurer’s duty to defend is notoriously more policyholder friendly than that of most states, the “intimate contacts” rule outlined in the Supreme Court’s decision can be expected to discourage corporations with environmental contamination sites in Indiana and in additional states from bringing declaratory judgment actions in Indiana courts.  This is because the location of the contaminated property will no longer be the predominant factor in determining which state’s law the court will use to interpret the policies under which defense or indemnity for the characterization and remediation of the pollution is sought. Continue reading “INDIANA SUPREME COURT REVERSES STANDARD FUSEE DECISION; “INTIMATE CONTACTS” REPLACES “SITE SPECIFIC” CHOICE-OF-LAW RULE IN MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTAL SITE INSURANCE COVERAGE DISPUTES”

Using Old Insurance to Cover Investigation and Clean-up Costs

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As Seen in the September 2009 Issue of Western Cleaner & Launderer
Written By: Steve Henshaw, President & CEO of EnviroForensics.

I heard from some readers that my last few articles were a little too technical and in addressing those comments, I’ve decided to go back to basics.  That is to say, what are basic concerns that dry cleaners have?  Since this is the Environmental Corner and staying with that topic, it is my experience that one of those basic concerns that dry cleaners might have deals with the questions, “How am I going to pay for an environmental investigation and clean-up?”  Old insurance policies may be an answer. Continue reading “Using Old Insurance to Cover Investigation and Clean-up Costs”

Claim Digger

IBJ Article August 25-31, 2008 Vol 29 No. 25
By Scott Olson

Like an archeologist combing through artifacts of the ancient past. O’Neill labors to construct liability insurance policies once considered expired. They often are as valuable as lost treasures-funding expensive environmental investigations or paying product liability defense costs, and ultimately saving corporate and small business policyholders from economic ruin. Continue reading “Claim Digger”